Arose and went: that is, David moved into action. See the comments at 9.3 and in “Translating the Books of Samuel,” page 20 and following, on the use of the verb “arise” in series with other verbs.
Versions differ on whether the number of Philistines killed by David and his men was two hundred (Revised Standard Version, Good News Translation, New Jewish Publication Society’s Tanakh, Revised English Bible, New American Bible, and New Jerusalem Bible) or “one hundred” (New Revised Standard Version, Moffatt, and Klein). The number “one hundred” is found in an important Septuagint manuscript. It is also the number required by Saul in verse 25 and is the number that David later says he paid (2 Sam 3.14). The number two hundred suggests that David not only went about the task more quickly than Saul had required (verse 26), but also that he killed more Philistines than necessary.
Which were given in full number: literally “they completed them.” The precise meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain, though the general sense seems clear enough. These words translate a Hebrew verb meaning “to fill” or “to complete.” Here this verb is often rendered “he counted them out” (Revised English Bible, New American Bible, New Jerusalem Bible, and New Jewish Publication Society’s Tanakh) or, perhaps better, “he counted them out completely” (Klein).
In those languages where circumcision is not known, or where it is inappropriate to talk about it, the Parola Del Signore: La Bibbia in Lingua Corrente translation may provide a model here, as also in verse 25. Parola Del Signore: La Bibbia in Lingua Corrente says “David, with his men, made an expedition against the Philistines and killed two hundred of them. David gave to Saul the proof of their death so that he might become his son-in-law.”
Become the king’s son-in-law: see the comments at verse 18.
Gave him his daughter: in the context of the whole story, Good News Translation takes this to mean “had to give his daughter.” Perhaps a more natural model for some languages is Contemporary English Version: “Saul agreed to let David marry Michal.”
Quoted with permission from Omanson, Roger L. and Ellington, John E. A Handbook on the First and Second Books of Samuel, Volume 1. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2001. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .