He engaged in many battles with them and they were crushed before him; he struck them down: It must be made clear in translation that the pronouns he and him refer to Judas, while the pronouns they and them refer to Timothy and his soldiers; for example, the verse may be rendered:

• Judas had to fight Timothy and his men many times before he completely destroyed them.

Quoted with permission from Bullard, Roger A. and Hatton, Howard A. A Handbook on 1-2 Maccabees. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2011. For this and other handbooks for translators see here.