Thy sanctuary is trampled down and profaned: To “trample on” something is to “walk on” it, but the word trampled has negative connotations here, with an air of viciousness about it, which is appropriate here. For Gentiles simply to enter the Temple was to profane it, so the occupation of the Temple by Gentiles is described here in extremely harsh terms. A possible alternative model is “now that the Gentiles have trampled on your Temple and made it unfit for worship [or, to worship you]?”

And thy priests mourn in humiliation: With the Temple no longer of use, the priests have nothing to do. These men who held positions of honor in Israel are now disgraced. So we may say “Your priests have been disgraced and now mourn” or “Your priests mourn because the Gentiles have disgraced them.” For priests see the comments on 1.46.

Quoted with permission from Bullard, Roger A. and Hatton, Howard A. A Handbook on 1-2 Maccabees. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2011. For this and other handbooks for translators see here.