As we noted in the introduction to 7.1-16, the same Greek word may mean “wife” and “woman.” All translations consulted in languages that make a distinction between “wife” and “woman” take women to be the meaning here.

For the problem of reconciling this passage with 11.4, see the comments on that verse.

They are not permitted: “Christian custom” is probably the implied agent of this passive verb, not the law that Paul introduces in verse 34b as a fresh argument. In some languages it may be simpler to translate “we do not allow them to speak.” Revised English Bible, however, thinks that in verse 34a Paul is already thinking of the Old Testament law: “They have no permission to talk, but should keep their place as the law directs.” This is less likely, first, because the probable Old Testament reference is to Gen 3.16, which speaks of Eve being subject to Adam, not of her being silent; and second, because the word translated even appears to make a new point (New Revised Standard Version is better, with “also”).

Verse 34b introduces a new argument based on the Old Testament, although Paul does not refer explicitly to any Old Testament text. Bruce suggests Genesis 1.26ff; 2.2ff (compare 1 Cor 11.3ff) rather than Genesis 3.16, suggested by earlier commentators, Barrett, and editions of the Greek New Testament. Fee, who argues at length that verses 34-35 are not by Paul, thinks that the author is appealing to an oral understanding of the Law.

Should be subordinate: Good News Bible replaces Revised Standard Version‘s positive expression by a negative one: “they must not be in charge.” One may also say “they must not hold positions of leadership.”

Law: “the Jewish” (Good News Bible) is implied. One can also say “the law of Moses.”

There is no doubt in the Greek that “as the Jewish Law says” refers to “they must not be in charge” (Good News Bible). The phrase “as the Jewish Law says” may be translated “as we find it written in the Jewish Law.”

Quoted with permission from Ellingworth, Paul and Hatton, Howard A. A Handbook on Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians, 2nd edition. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1985/1994. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .