20:19a
will deliver Him over to the Gentiles: The Greek verb that the Berean Standard Bible translates as deliver…over is the same verb as in 20:18b. Most English versions translate this Greek verb with the same English expression in both places. However, notice that the New International Version uses different expressions. So does the NET Bible.
20:18b
will be betrayed (New International Version)
will be handed over (NET Bible)
20:19a
turn him over (New International Version)
turn him over (NET Bible)
In 20:18b, Jesus said that someone would deliver him over to the chief priests and scribes to be judged. Then in 20:19a, he said that the chief priests and scribes would in turn deliver him over to the Gentiles to be crucified/killed. The purpose was different in each case. Also, in the first case, it was one of his own disciples who delivered him over.
Here, you should use a verb that is appropriate for delivering someone over to be killed.
the Gentiles: Jews used the word Gentiles to refer to all the people groups beside themselves. In this context, this word refers to the Romans. They were the only ones with the authority to execute someone.
Here are some other ways to translate this phrase:
the Romans (New Living Translation (2004))
-or-
foreigners (Contemporary English Version)
-or-
the non-Jewish people (New Century Version)
20:19b
to be mocked: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as be mocked means “ridicule” or “make fun of.”
Here are some other ways to translate this word:
ridicule (Phillips’ New Testament in Modern English)
-or-
make fun of him (Good News Translation)
-or-
abuse ⌊with words⌋
and flogged: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as flogged means “beat with a whip.”
Here are some other ways to translate this word:
whip (Good News Translation)
-or-
hit/strike with a whip ⌊of leather⌋
This word is also in 10:17c. You should translate it the same way in both places.
20:19c
and crucified: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as crucified means “fastened to a cross to die.” This is the first time in Matthew that this word occurs.
Being crucified was a form of execution. Soldiers fastened the condemned person to an upright wooden post. They spread his arms out to either side. Then they fastened his arms to a cross-beam with ropes on his arms and/or nails through his wrists. They nailed his feet to the upright part of the cross. It was usually a long, agonizing and very public form of punishment. It ended when the person was no longer strong enough to push himself up with his feet and get a breath. So he suffocated and died. This sometimes happened days later.
Here are some other ways to translate this word:
and kill him on a cross
-or-
and nail him on a wood post to kill him
20:19d
on the third day He will be raised to life: The verb raised means “raised from the dead” or “brought back to life.”
Here are some other ways to translate this verb:
he will become alive again
-or-
he will live again
This verb is passive. Here are some ways to translate it:
• Use a passive verb. For example:
on the third day, he will be raised to life again (New Century Version)
-or-
he will be raised back to life ⌊by God⌋ on the third day
• Use an active verb. For example:
on the third day ⌊God⌋ will raise him ⌊from death⌋ ⌊to life⌋
-or-
⌊God⌋ will cause him to live again on the third day
This same clause is in 16:21e.
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