14:18a

with authority over the fire: This clause indicates that the angel was responsible for keeping the fire under the altar burning. For example:

who was responsible for the fire ⌊under the altar⌋

altar: On earth, an altar is a platform on which people offer sacrifices or gifts to God. This altar is similar to the sacrificing altar in front of the Jewish temple. But this altar is in heaven in John’s vision. See how you translated this word in 6:9.

14:18b–c

called out: Here the words called out refer to speaking to someone who is far away. For example:

shouted (New Jerusalem Bible)

14:18d

the clusters of grapes from the vine of the earth: This phrase is a metaphor for people (14:19b). In some languages people will not understand the meaning of a literal translation. If that is true in your language, you may want to explain the metaphor in a footnote. For example:

The grapes here are a metaphor for the people that God judges and punishes (14:19).

the clusters of grapes: The fruits named grapes grow in bunches on vines.

grapes: The word grapes refers to small, round fruits used to make wine. In some languages people are not familiar with grapes. If that is true in your language, you may want to:

• Describe grapes. For example:

⌊clustered⌋ vine fruit

• Use the major language word. If people are not familiar with this word, you may want to explain it in a footnote. An example footnote is:

Grapes are a small, round fruit used to make wine.

14:18e

its: This pronoun refers to the earth’s vine here.

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