He answered and said to me: In most languages this quote frame may be rendered simply “He answered” or “The angel answered” (Contemporary English Version).

These are they who have put off mortal clothing refers to leaving their mortal bodies, namely dying. We may remove the imagery here by saying “These are people who were once mortal” or “They are the ones who have died” (Contemporary English Version).

And have put on the immortal: The imagery of clothing is implied here from the previous clause. For putting on immortal clothing, compare 1 Cor 15.53-54. Again Contemporary English Version abandons the figurative language, saying “and have been given everlasting life.” Another possible model is “and God has given them eternal life.”

And they have confessed the name of God refers to faithfulness to God. The author probably has martyrs in mind. We may say “They have been completely faithful [or, loyal] to God” or “They have obeyed God faithfully [or, completely].”

Now they are being crowned may be translated “Now someone is putting crowns on their heads.” See verse 43.

And receive palms: Palms are leaves (actually fronds) of date palm trees. They were also symbols of victory, which Good News Bible makes clear.

Alternative models for this verse are:

• He answered, “These are people who once were mortal, but who are now immortal. They have been completely faithful to God, and now they are being given crowns and palm leaves as rewards for their victory.”

• The angel answered, “These are people who have died, but will now live forever. They have obeyed God faithfully. So now someone is giving them crowns and palm leaves as rewards for their victory.”

Quoted with permission from Bullard, Roger A. and Hatton, Howard A. A Handbook on 1-2 Esdras. (UBS Helps for Translators). Miami: UBS, 2019. For this and other handbooks for translators see here.