ὅτι οὐκ εἰσπορεύεται αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν καρδίαν ἀλλ᾽ εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν, καὶ εἰς τὸν ἀφεδρῶνα ἐκπορεύεται, καθαρίζων πάντα τὰ βρώματα;
19since it enters not the heart but the stomach and goes out into the sewer?” (Thus he declared all foods clean.)
The Greek in Mark 7:19 that is translated as “heart” and “stomach” in English is translated in Elhomwe as “heart” and “body.” In Elhomwe the plural form for “heart” is the same word as the Elhomwe word for “stomach.” To avoid confusion decided to translate “body” instead of “stomach.” (Source: project-specific translation notes in Paratext)
In the English translation of Pakaluk (2019) is is translated as heart and gut.
The Greek that is translated as “goes out into the sewer” is translated in Kuku-Yalanji as “doesn’t stay there” and in Chipaya as “it goes to the outside.” (Source: B. Moore / G. Turner in Notes on Translation 1967, p. 1ff.)
Following is the translation of Mark 7:17b-24a into Mexican Sign Language with back-translations into Spanish and English underneath:
© La Biblia en LSM / La Palabra de Dios
Los discípulos dijeron: “Jesús, lo que explicaste ahorita, ¿qué significa? Nosotros no lo entendemos.”
Jesús (dijo): “Uds no entienden igual como las personas de afuera no lo entienden.
Miren, lo que comen entra al estomago, ¿puede ensuciar el corazón y causar pecado? No puede. Lo normal es: lo que se come entra al estomago y es expulsado en el baño.
Cuando personas pecan, esto ensucia el corazón, por ejemplo: a la gente en su corazón sólo les gusta lo malo, las personas quieren placer y no les importan las consequencias, duermen juntos, roban, matan, cometen adulterio, piensan sólo de más dinero, son avaros, crueles y malos, engañan a otros, anhelan lujo, son rencorosos, envidiosos, están en contra de otros, son orgullosos, arrogantes y necios. Todos estos pecados (muestran que) adentro el corazón es inmundo.”
Jesús se retiró.
Lo que explicó Jesús recientemente sobre la comida que entra el estomago y es expulsado en el baño significa que se puede comer todas las cosas, está completamente libre, no se prohibe algo, no pasa nada.
Jesús fue a (un lugar) cerca de Tiro, entró una casa y no quería que la gente lo vieran, estaba allá en secreto, escondido.
The disciples said: “Jesus, what you explained just now, what does it mean? We don’t understand it.”
Jesus (said): “You don’t understand just like the people outside don’t understand.
“Look, what you eat goes down to the stomach, can it then make the heart dirty and cause sin? No, it cannot. The normal thing is: what you eat goes down to your stomach and is got rid of in the bathroom.
“When people sin, that’s what makes the heart dirty, for example: when people inside their hearts only like bad things, when they lust and don’t care (about the consequences), sleep together, steal, kill, commit adultery, only think of more money, son stingy, cruel and bad, deceive people, long for luxury, are rancorous, envious, against others, proud, arrogant and stubborn. All these sins (show that) inside the heart is impure.”
Jesus withdrew.
What Jesus just explained about food going into the stomach and being got rid of in the bathroom means that you can eat everything, it’s completely free, without restriction, nothing will happen.
Jesus went to (a place) near Tyre, and he entered a house. He did not want the people to see him, he was there secretly, hidden.
Source: La Biblia en LSM / La Palabra de Dios
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Following is the translation of Mark 7:1-23 into Russian Sign Language with a back-translation underneath:
Source: Russian Bible Society / Российское Библейское Общество
The people of Judea strictly followed the demands of tradition. Before eating, they were to wash their hands thoroughly up to the elbows. After going to the store and the market, they had to wash their hands thoroughly. Also they had to be thorough with kitchen utensils: cauldrons, plates.
And so the Pharisees and teachers of the law came from Jerusalem. They were indignant when they saw that Jesus’ disciples were not fulfilling the demands of tradition.
In indignation they turned to Jesus:
— Behold, your disciples are not fulfilling the demands of tradition! They had not washed their hands and were eating bread. What is this?
Jesus answered them:
— You Pharisees are hypocrites. In ancient times there lived a prophet named Isaiah. He was talking about the people of his time, but they were just like the Pharisees. The prophet said that these people thought they were very pious, very proud of it, but in fact, inwardly they were empty, far from God. They thought they were pious and outwardly honored God — but it was all false. They began to invent their own rules and laws and pass them off as God’s law, as God’s commandments. That’s what you are doing now, Pharisees. You disregard God’s commandments and make up your own. You have rejected God’s law, but you demand that people obey your rules.
In ancient times Moses gave Ten Commandments. There is this commandment: “Honor your father and mother.” If a son offends his parents, according to the law he should be punished by death.
And it happens like this: old parents who have no money to feed themselves, but the son has money. But you say to such a person:
— You should not give money to old parents, you should bring it as a gift to the Temple.
That is, you encourage people not to take care of their parents. Thus, your rules and statutes abrogate the Law of God.
Jesus called the people together and said to them:
— Listen and ponder! Do you think that man is defiled by food? No! Food is outward. But evil thoughts in the heart are what defile a man and spoil him.
Jesus walked away from the crowd and went into the house. Jesus’ disciples followed him. There the disciples began to question Jesus:
— We did not understand the meaning of what you were telling.
Jesus said:
— Have you not understood? Food is external. What you eat, it will not contaminate you, because it will be digested in the stomach and come out again, it does not give you bad thoughts in your heart. But if you have bad thoughts in your heart, it contaminates you. You think bad thoughts, you start doing bad things: cunning, malice, stealing, murder, cheating, greed, malice, deceit, rudeness, slander, insult, pride, stupidity — where does it all come from? It all comes from within, from the thoughts. If thoughts are dirty, then a person is unclean.
Жители Иудеи строго выполняли требования традиции. Перед едой они должны были тщательно вымыть руки до локтей. После магазина и рынка должны обязательно чисто-чисто вымыть руки. Также должны были тщательно быть кухонную посуду: котлы, тарелки.
И вот фарисеи и учителя закона пришли из Иерусалима. Они возмутились, когда увидели, что ученики Иисуса не исполняли требований традиции.
В негодовании они обратились к Иисусу:
— Вот, твои ученики не исполняют требований традиции! Они не вымыли руки и стали есть хлеб. Что это такое?
Иисус им ответил:
— Вы фарисеи — лицемеры. В древности жил пророк по имени Исайя. Он говорил о людях своего времени, но они были таким же, как фарисеи. Пророк говорил, что эти люди считали себя очень набожными, очень гордились этим, но на самом деле, внутренне они пусты, далеки от Бога. Они считали себя набожными и внешне почитали Бога — но это все фальшь. Они стали придумывать свои собственные правила и законы и выдавать их за Божий закон, за Божьи заповеди. Так же и вы сейчас поступаете, фарисеи. Вы заповедями Божьими пренебрегаете, и придумываете свои собственные. Божий закон вы отвергли, а требуете, чтобы люди исполняли ваши правила.
В древности Моисей дал 10 заповедей. Есть такая заповедь: «Почитай отца и мать». Если сын оскорбляет своих родителей, по закону он должен быть наказан смертью.
А бывает так: старые родители, у которых нет денег пропитание, а у сына деньги есть. Но вы же говорите такому человеку:
— Не нужно давать денег старым родителям, нужно их принести в дар в Храм.
То есть вы побуждаете людей не заботиться о родителях. Таким образом, ваши правила и уставы отменяют Закон Божий.
Иисус созвал людей и сказал им:
— Слушайте и поразмыслите! Вы думаете, человек оскверняется пищей? Нет! Еда — это внешнее. Но злые мысли в сердце — вот, что оскверняет человека и портят его.
Иисус ушел от толпы и вошел в дом. Ученики Иисуса последовали за ним. Там ученики стали спрашивать Иисуса:
— Мы не поняли смысл того, что ты рассказывал.
Иисус сказал:
— Вы не поняли? Пища — это внешнее. То, что вы едите, это вас не испачкает, потому что это переварится в желудке и снова выйдет наружу, от этого в сердце не появляются плохие мысли. Но если в вашем сердце плохие мысли — это вас пачкает. Вы думаете плохие мысли, начинаете делать плохие дела: хитрость, злоба, воровство, убийство, измены, жадность, злоба, лукавство, грубость, клевета, оскорбление, гордость, глупость — это все откуда? Это все исходит изнутри, из мыслей. Если мысли грязные, то и человек нечист.
Back-translation by Luka Manevich
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Mark 7:24-30 in Russian Sign Language >>
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 7:19:
Like a number of other East Asian languages, Japanese uses a complex system of honorifics, i.e. a system where a number of different levels of politeness are expressed in language via words, word forms or grammatical constructs. These can range from addressing someone or referring to someone with contempt (very informal) to expressing the highest level of reference (as used in addressing or referring to God) or any number of levels in-between.
One way Japanese shows different degree of politeness is through the usage of an honorific construction where the morpheme are (され) is affixed on the verb as shown here in the widely-used Japanese Shinkaiyaku (新改訳) Bible of 2017. This is particularly done with verbs that have God as the agent to show a deep sense of reverence. Here, s-are-ru (される) or “do/reckon” is used.
(Source: S. E. Doi, see also S. E. Doi in Journal of Translation, 18/2022, p. 37ff. )
Text:
Instead of the masculine participle katharizōn ‘cleansing’ (which modifies ‘Jesus’) of all modern editions of the Greek text, Textus Receptus has the neuter participle katharizon ‘cleansing’ (which modifies pan to exōthen eisporeuomenon ‘everything which goes in from without’ of v. 18).
Exegesis:
hoti ‘because.’
koilian (only here in Mark) ‘stomach,’ ‘belly.’
kai eis ton aphedrōna ekporeuetai ‘and goes on out (of the stomach) into the privy.’
aphedrōn (only here in Mark) ‘privy,’ ‘latrine’; where the word may be offensive, synonyms may be used (Manson ‘sewer,’ Moffatt ‘drain,’ Williams ‘waste’), or the term be altogether avoided (Revised Standard Version ‘passes on,’ Goodspeed ‘is disposed of,’ The Modern Speech New Testament ‘passes away’).
katharizōn panta ta brōmata ‘cleansing all foods.’ It is conceded by nearly all commentators and translators that this verbal clause is an additional comment by the evangelist himself, explaining the significance of the words of Jesus. In the correct text the masculine participle katharizōn ‘cleansing’ modifies ‘he’ (i.e. Jesus), and is a participle of manner, ‘In this way he cleansed….’
katharizō (cf. 1.40) either ‘make clean’ or ‘declare clean.’ ‘Make clean’ is a causative, ‘to cause to be clean,’ not in the sense of manufacturing or cleansing, but in the meaning ‘declaring clean’ or ‘establishing as clean.’ The comment of the evangelist is: ‘In this manner Jesus made clean for us Christians all food.’
brōma (only here in Mark) ‘food.’
Translation:
It must in some instances he rendered as ‘food,’ since the indefinite referent would be misinterpreted.
Not … but may be related to two verbs, ‘the food does not enter his heart but it enters his stomach.’
This contrast between the ‘heart’ and the ‘stomach’ cannot be maintained in some languages, e.g. Farefare, in which the stomach, not the heart, is the psychological center of the personality and the seat of the affections. Accordingly, one must say ‘the food does not enter into his very life, but it goes on through his stomach.’
While in some languages one must be careful so as not to employ some vulgar term in speaking of defecation, in other languages the people will react unfavorably to any apparent prudishness as being either incomprehensible or annoying. Accordingly, in some instances the translation is literally ‘goes out of the rectum’ or ‘goes out when one squats.’ In any case the translation must reflect indigenous usage, with sensitivity to normal patterns of expression.
It is most important that translators not follow Textus Receptus in the last clause of this verse, for it not that which goes into the privy which purifies all foods, but Jesus who declared all foods fit to eat. The resulting translations may parallel the following: ‘in this way he said, All foods are good to eat’ (Southern Subanen), ‘by these words he said, All food is good’ (Farefare), ‘when he said this, he declared that all foods could be eaten’ (Southern Bobo Madaré), ‘in saying this he purified all food’ (Barrow Eskimo), ‘thus he spoke-cleansed all food’ (Copainalá Zoque).
Quoted with permission from Bratcher, Robert G. and Nida, Eugene A. A Handbook on the Gospel of Mark. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1961. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .
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