καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, Τί δειλοί ἐστε; οὔπω ἔχετε πίστιν;
40He said to them, “Why are you afraid? Have you still no faith?”
The Greek that is translated as “afraid” or “cowardly” in English is translated as “(your) heart trembles” (Tzeltal), “shiver in your liver” (Uduk), or “to have such little hearts” (Tzotzil).
See also terrified / afraid and see Seat of the Mind for traditional views of “ways of knowing, thinking, and feeling.”
“Fishermen relied upon their folk knowledge in order to survive. It is strange that they did not know what to do in the midst of a storm but Jesus did.”
Drawing by Sawai Chinnawong who employs northern and central Thailand’s popular distinctive artistic style originally used to depict Buddhist moral principles and other religious themes; explanation by Paul DeNeui. From That Man Who Came to Save Us by Sawai Chinnawong and Paul H. DeNeui, William Carey Library, 2010.
For more images by Sawai Chinnawong in TIPs see here.
The following is a representation of the story of Jesus calming the sea in Shor with traditional throat singing. The singers are Lubov Arbachakova (with no instrument) and Irena Kiskurova:
A translation of the Russian subtitles into English:
0:11 Once Jesus was at the sea with his disciples.
0:24 A multitude of people gathered, and he began to teach them.
0:36 When evening came, He said to His disciples:
0:45 “Let’s move to the other side.”
0:48 The disciples asked the people to leave,
0:56 they were all in the boat together in Jesus and set out on the other side of the sea.
1:22 Suddenly there was a strong storm.
1:30 The waves beat the boat so that it was filled with water.
1:42 And Jesus at this time slept in the stern of the boat, laying his head on the steersman’s seat.
1:58 The disciples woke him up and said:
2:08 “Teacher! Do you really care that we are dying?”
2:11 Jesus stood up, calmed the wind, and said to the sea:
2:20 «Hush, shut up!»
2:23 The wind died down, and there was a complete calm on the sea.
2:35 And Jesus rebuked the disciples:
2:46 “Why are you so timid? Do you have absolutely no faith?”
2:52 They continued sailing, and the disciples spoke to each other with fear:
3:11 “Who is He, that even the wind and the sea listen to Him?”
Video provided by Bronwen Cleaver.
See also examples of Southern Altai throat singing.
Image taken from He Qi Art . For purchasing prints of this and other artworks by He Qi go to heqiart.com .
For other images of He Qi art works in TIPs, see here.
Following is the translation of Mark 4:35-41 into Russian Sign Language with a back-translation underneath:
Source: Russian Bible Society / Российское Библейское Общество
It was evening. Jesus got into a boat and called the disciples with him. The disciples got into the boat and they rowed off. The disciples rowed. Jesus took a mat and put it under his head and fell asleep. The disciples continued rowing. Suddenly a strong wind arose and the water began to boil. The wind grew stronger and stronger, and a storm began. Water began to get into the boat. The disciples tried to scoop out the water, but it still fell into the boat. The disciples began to call out to Jesus:
— What should we do? The water is pouring into the boat, we are going to drown, we are going to die!
Jesus woke up and saw that the wind was blowing and the storm was raging. He got up and said:
— Wind, be still! Waves, be silent!
The wind immediately ceased and the storm subsided. The boat sailed on calmly.
Jesus looked at the disciples and said:
— Why are you afraid? Have you no faith?
The disciples were very much afraid, seeing all this, and began to say to one another:
— Who is he that the wind obeys him?!
Наступил вечер. Иисус сел в лодку и позвал с собой учеников. Ученики тоже сели в лодку, и они поплыли. Ученики гребли. Иисус взял подстилку, положил себе под голову и уснул. Ученики продолжали грести. И вдруг поднялся сильный ветер, вода стала бурлить. Ветер все усиливался, началась буря. Вода стала попадать в лодку. Ученики пытались воду вычерпать, но вода все равно попадала в лодку. Ученики стали звать Иисуса:
— Что нам делать? Вода заливает лодку, мы утонем, мы погибнем!
Иисус проснулся, увидел, что ветер дует и буря бушует. Он встал и сказал:
— Ветер, усмирись! Волны, умолкните!
Ветер тут же исчез, буря улеглась. Лодка спокойно поплыла дальше.
Иисус посмотрел на учеников и сказал:
— Чего же вы боитесь? Разве у вас нет веры?
Ученики очень сильно испугались, видя все это, и стали говорить друг другу:
— Кто же он такой, что ветер подчиняется ему?!
Back-translation by Luka Manevich
<< Mark 4:33-34 in Russian Sign Language
Mark 5:1-20 in Russian Sign Language >>
Following is the translation of Mark 4:35-41 into Mexican Sign Language with back-translations into Spanish and English underneath:
© La Biblia en LSM / La Palabra de Dios
Jesús estaba sentado en el barco y seguía a contar historias a todas las personas, después al anochecer ya acabó y les saludó, y dijo a los discípulos: “vamonos, acompañenme a otro lugar allá.”
Los discípulos subieron en el barco y el barco iba, y otras personas copiaron la idea y también subieron en sus barcos e iban, y otras personas también copiaron la idea y subieron en el barco e iban.
El barco iba y los discípulos estaban sentados, y Jesús estaba acostado en una almohada, profundamente dormido. El barco iba y después venía un viento fuerte y las olas crecían y el barco se movía violentamente en las olas y el agua entraba el barco.
Los discípulos estaban espantados y tenían miedo y dijeron: “Maestro nosotros vamos a hundir, a morir, ¿no te importa?”
Jesús se paró (y dijo): “Calmate, silencio” y el viento desvaneció y las olas grandes se calmaron y el barco movía suavemente.
Jesús preguntó: “¿Porqué tenían miedo, no tienen fe? Los discípulos lo miraban espantados y se veían uno al otro y dijeron: “¿Él, Jesús, qué clase de persona es? Él puede mandar que el viento obedezca y desvanece, y las olas se calman.” Todos lo miraban y estaban espantados y con miedo.
Jesus was sitting in the boat and continued to tell stories to all the people, and when the night came he finished and said goodbye to them and said to his disciples: “Let’s go, accompany me to another place, over there.”
The disciples got in the boat and the boat took off, other people copied the idea and also got in their boats and took off, and other people took the idea and also got in their boats and took off.
The boat sailed and the disciples were sitting and Jesus was lying down on a pillow, fast asleep. The boat sailed and afterwards a strong wind came and the waves got bigger and the boat was thrown about wildly on the waves and water entered the boat.
The disciples were scared and afraid and said: “Teachers, we are going down, we will die, don’t you care?”
Jesus got up (and said): “Calm down, be still” and the wind disappeared and the big waves calmed down and the boat moved gently on the waves.
Jesus asked: “Why were you afraid, don’t you have any faith? The disciples watched him with fright and they looked at each other and said: “This Jesus, what sort of person is he? He can order the wind to obey and it disappears, and the waves calm down.” They all looked at him with fear and terror.
Source: La Biblia en LSM / La Palabra de Dios
<< Mark 4:21-25 in Mexican Sign Language
Mark 5:1b-5 in Mexican Sign Language >>
Following are a number of back-translations of Mark 4:40:
Like a number of other East Asian languages, Japanese uses a complex system of honorifics, i.e. a system where a number of different levels of politeness are expressed in language via words, word forms or grammatical constructs. These can range from addressing someone or referring to someone with contempt (very informal) to expressing the highest level of reference (as used in addressing or referring to God) or any number of levels in-between.
One way Japanese shows different degree of politeness is through the usage of an honorific construction where the morpheme are (され) is affixed on the verb as shown here in the widely-used Japanese Shinkaiyaku (新改訳) Bible of 2017. This is particularly done with verbs that have God as the agent to show a deep sense of reverence. Here, iw-are-ru (言われる) or “say” is used.
(Source: S. E. Doi, see also S. E. Doi in Journal of Translation, 18/2022, p. 37ff. )
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