The Greek that is translated in English as “light” is translated in Chol in a manner that distinguishes that Jesus is the instrument, not the object of the revelation.
gentiles
The Greek that is often translated as “gentiles” in English is often translated as a “local equivalent of ‘foreigners,'” such as “the people of other lands” (Guerrero Amuzgo), “people of other towns” (Tzeltal), “people of other languages” (San Miguel El Grande Mixtec), “strange peoples” (Navajo) (this and above, see Bratcher / Nida), “outsiders” (Ekari), “people of foreign lands” (Kannada), “non-Jews” (North Alaskan Inupiatun), “people being-in-darkness” (a figurative expression for people lacking cultural or religious insight) (Toraja-Sa’dan) (source for this and three above Reiling / Swellengrebel), “from different places all people” (Martu Wangka) (source: Carl Gross).
Tzeltal translates it as “people in all different towns,” Chicahuaxtla Triqui as “the people who live all over the world,” Highland Totonac as “all the outsider people,” Sayula Popoluca as “(people) in every land” (source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.), Chichimeca-Jonaz as “foreign people who are not Jews,” Sierra de Juárez Zapotec as “people of other nations” (source of this and one above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.), Highland Totonac as “outsider people” (source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.), Uma as “people who are not the descendants of Israel” (source: Uma Back Translation), and Yakan as “the other tribes” (source: Yakan Back Translation).
See also nations.
glory
Since Saint Lucian Creole French does not have one term for the Greek that is typically translated as “glory” in English, David Frank (in: Lexical Challenges in the St. Lucian Creole Bible Translation Project, 1998) gives examples on how varied that term is translated in its many mentions in Luke:
“The primary meaning of that Greek word is ‘bright, visible splendor.’ The same word has a variety of secondary and extended senses. Since there is not a well-understood Creole word for ‘glory’ and we had to translate it according to meaning, the renderings of ‘glory’ in Creole were diverse, as the following examples, all from the book of Luke, show:
- Luke 2:9: èvèk klèté Bondyé té ka kléwé toupatou anlè yo (‘and God’s light was shining everywhere on them’)
- Luke 2:14a: An syèl yo ka glowifyé Bondyé, yo ka di i gwan (‘In heaven they are praising God, they are saying he is great‘)
- Luke 2:32b: èk i kay fè Izwayèl on plas pou moun konnèt (‘and he will make Israel a place for people to know‘)
- Luke 4:6a: Mwen kay ba’w tout pouvwa èk wichès sé wéyòm sala (‘I will give you all power and riches of these kingdoms’)
- Luke 9:26b: lè mwen kay vini an pouvwa mwen ka kléwé kon zéklè (‘when I will come in my power shining like lightning‘)
- Luke 12:27b: pa menm Sòlomonn an tout wichès li ki té sa abiyé otan bèl kon yonn anpami yo (‘not even Solomon in all his riches was dressed as nice as one of them’)
- Luke 14:10b: Sa kay ba’w lonnè wèspé an zyé lézòt sé moun-an (‘That will give you honor respect in the eyes of the other people’)
- Luke 17:18: ki viwé di Bondyé mèsi (‘who returned to tell God thank you‘)
- Luke 19:38b: Annou glowifyé Bondyé (‘Let’s praise God’)
- Luke 21:27: épi pouvwa èk gwan klèté (‘with power and great light‘)
- Luke 24:26: èk apwé sa i kay jwenn wèspé (‘and after that he will get respect‘)
complete verse (Luke 2:32)
Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 2:32:
- Nyongar: “You send the light, shining on all other people, the very great light for your people, Israel.'” (Source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
- Uma: “This Redeemer is like light that makes-clear the hearts of people who are not the descendants of Israel. And he brings honor to us (excl.) the descendants of Israel who are your portion.'” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
- Yakan: “He is figuratively the light that makes the other tribes see your wishes and because of him your people the tribe of Isra’il is honored.'” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: “He is the one to illuminate the minds of those people who are not Jews, who do not know who You are, the true God. By means of him, we your chosen people, the descendants of Israel, will be praised.’ This is what Simeon said.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
- Kankanaey: “He can be compared to a light that shows to the Gentil (Gentiles) the path that leads to you (sing.). Because of him moreover, your (sing.) people the descendants of Israel will be praised/honored.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
- Tagbanwa: “He will enlighten the nations who are not Judio concerning the path of salvation/freedom. And because of him, the praiseworthiness/glory will become big of us (excl.) Judio who are your people, the descendants of Israel.'” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
- Chichewa (interconfessional translation, 1999): “You have given this brightness to light up the way for people of other tribes, which will be the glory of your people Israel.” (Source: Wendland 1998, p. 157)