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ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, Τέκνον, σὺ πάντοτε μετ᾽ ἐμοῦ εἶ, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἐμὰ σά ἐστιν·
31Then the father said to him, ‘Son, you are always with me, and all that is mine is yours.
Following are a number of back-translations of Luke 15:31:
Like a number of other East Asian languages, Japanese uses a complex system of honorifics, i.e. a system where a number of different levels of politeness are expressed in language via words, word forms or grammatical constructs. These can range from addressing someone or referring to someone with contempt (very informal) to expressing the highest level of reference (as used in addressing or referring to God) or any number of levels in-between. One way Japanese shows different degree of politeness is through the choice of a second person pronoun (“you” and its various forms) as shown here in the widely-used Japanese Shinkaiyaku (新改訳) Bible of 2017. The most commonly used anata (あなた) is typically used when the speaker is humbly addressing another person.
In these verses, however, omae (おまえ) is used, a cruder second person pronoun, that Jesus for instance chooses when chiding his disciples. (Source: S. E. Doi, see also S. E. Doi in Journal of Translation, 18/2022, p. 37ff. )
See also first person pronoun with low register and third person pronoun with low register.
Barclay Newman, a translator on the teams for both the Good News Bible and the Contemporary English Version, translated passages of the New Testament into English and published them in 2014, “in a publication brief enough to be non-threatening, yet long enough to be taken seriously, and interesting enough to appeal to believers and un-believers alike.” The following is the translation of Luke 15:11-32:
Finally, Jesus told them this story:
A man’s younger son once said,
“Dad, give me my share of the family fortune!”
So his father divided everything
between him and his older brother.
Soon the younger son packed up everything
and left for a foreign country,
where he wasted every cent of his inheritance.
Then a terrible famine struck the land,
leaving him famished and without food.
So hungry was the young man that he took a job
feeding bean pods to nasty pigs,
and he would have eaten some of the pods himself,
if only the owner had turned his back.
At last, in desperation, he said to himself,
“My dad’s workers have more than enough to eat,
while I sit here with these pigs, starving to death.
Best thing I can do is to go home and make up with my dad.
I’ll say, “Dad, I’ve been a really lousy son,
worthless and useless to both you and God.
Fact is, I don’t deserve to be called your son —
just treat me like one of your servants.”
Before he even reached the road to the farmhouse,
his father saw him and felt so sorry that he ran over
and greeted the young man with hugs and kisses.
“Dad, I’ve been a really lousy son,” said the boy.
“I’m worthless and useless to both you and God.
Fact is, I don’t deserve to be called your son.”
But his father instructed the servants,
“Hurry! Bring him the best clothes.
Put a gold ring on his finger and sandals on his feet.
And prepare our choice beef, so we can celebrate!
My son was dead, and now he’s alive!
My son was lost, and now he’s found.”
Then the festivities began.
Meanwhile, the older brother was coming in from the fields,
when he heard the sound of music and dancing.
“What’s going on?” he asked one of the servants.
“Your younger brother has come home,” answered the servant,
“and your father ordered us
to prepare the choice beef for a feast.”
This made the older brother so angry
that he refused to go anywhere near the house.
His father went out and begged him to join the celebration,
but his son answered, “All my life I’ve obeyed you,
and I’ve worked like a slave.
Yet you’ve never even given me a small goat,
so I could throw a party for my friends.
This other son of yours blew all his money on hookers,
and now that he’s back home,
you’ve ordered our choice beef
to be killed for a feast in his honor.”
“My dear son,” replied his father, “You’re always here,
and everything I have is yours as well.
But don’t you think we should celebrate?
Your brother was dead, and now he’s alive.
He was lost, and now he’s found.”
Exegesis:
ho de eipen autō ‘but he said to him,’ change of subject.
su pantote met’ emou ei ‘you are always with me.’ su is emphatic. met’ emou contrasts with nekros and apolōlōs in v. 32.
panta ta ema sa estin ‘all I have is yours,’ since his brother’s part had already been spent.
Translation:
And he said to him. The speaker may have to be specified, e.g. ‘his father answered’ (Balinese).
Son, see 2.48.
All that is mine is yours, or, ‘all my things belong to you only’ (Ekari), ‘all I have/possess you have/possess too’ (Malay, Balinese).
Quoted with permission from Reiling, J. and Swellengrebel, J.L. A Handbook on the Gospel of Luke. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1971. For this and other handbooks for translators see here . Make sure to also consult the Handbook on the Gospel of Mark for parallel or similar verses.
15:31a
‘Son, you are always with me,’ the father said: The Berean Standard Bible has placed the words the father said at the end of the quotation. In Greek, the words “And he said” are at the beginning of the verse. You should place the quote introduction where it is natural in your language.
Son: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as Son is a different word from the word that was translated as “son” in 15:31a. It was an affectionate way for the father to address his son. Another way to translate this is:
dear son (New Living Translation (2004))
Use a term of address that is natural in your language.
you are always with me: The Greek clause that the Berean Standard Bible translates as you are always with me means “you live here with me all the time.” The father was implying that the older son had never been away from home, so there was no need for a special occasion to celebrate his return.
15:31b
all that is mine is yours: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as all that is mine is yours means “all my property belongs to you.” The father had already divided his property and given both of the sons their shares. The younger son had spent his share, so all that the father had left rightfully belonged to the older son.
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