5Do not deprive one another except perhaps by agreement for a set time, to devote yourselves to prayer, and then come together again, so that Satan may not tempt you because of your lack of self-control.
The Greek that is typically transliterated in English as “Satan” is transliterated in Kipsigis as “Setani.” This is interesting because it is not only a transliteration that approximates the Greek sound but it is also an existing Kipsigis word with the meaning of “ugly” and “sneaking.” (Source: Earl Anderson in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 85ff. )
In Morelos Nahuatl it is translated as “envious one” (source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.) and in Tibetan: bdud (བདུད།), lit. “chief devil” (except in Rev. 20:2, where it is transliterated) (source: gSungrab website ).
The Greek that is typically translated as “tempt” or “temptation” in English is translated in Noongar as djona-karra or “reveal conduct” (source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang) and in Tibetan as nyams sad (ཉམས་སད།), lit. “soul + test,” or in some cases as slu (སླུ།) or “lure / lead astray” (for instance in 1 Cor. 7:5 or Gal 6:1) (source: gSungrab website )
“to beg” or “to ask,” (full expression: “to ask with one’s heart coming out,” which leaves out selfish praying, for asking with the heart out leaves no place for self to hide) (Tzotzil)
“to raise up one’s words to God” (implying an element of worship, as well as communication) (Miskito, Lacandon) (source of this and all above: Bratcher / Nida)
Shilluk: “speak to God” (source: Nida 1964, p. 237)
Mairasi: “talk together with Great Above One (=God)” (source: Enggavoter, 2004)
Ik: waan: “beg.” Terrill Schrock (in Wycliffe Bible Translators 2016, p. 93) explains (click or tap here to read more):
What do begging and praying have to do with each other? Do you beg when you pray? Do I?
“The Ik word for ‘visitor’ is waanam, which means ‘begging person.’ Do you beg when you go visiting? The Ik do. Maybe you don’t beg, but maybe when you visit someone, you are looking for something. Maybe it’s just a listening ear.
When the Ik hear that [my wife] Amber and I are planning trip to this or that place for a certain amount of time, the letters and lists start coming. As the days dwindle before our departure, the little stack of guests grows. ‘Please, sir, remember me for the allowing: shoes, jacket (rainproof), watch, box, trousers, pens, and money for the children. Thank you, sir, for your assistance.’
“A few people come by just to greet us or spend bit of time with us. Another precious few will occasionally confide in us about their problems without asking for anything more than a listening ear. I love that.
“The other day I was in our spare bedroom praying my list of requests to God — a nice list covering most areas of my life, certainly all the points of anxiety. Then it hit me: Does God want my list, or does he want my relationship?
“I decided to try something. Instead of reading off my list of requests to God, I just talk to him about my issues without any expectation of how he should respond. I make it more about our relationship than my list, because if our personhood is like God’s personhood, then maybe God prefers our confidence and time to our lists, letters, and enumerations.”
In Luang it is translated with different shades of meaning (click or tap here to read more):
For Acts 1:14, 20:36, 21:5: kola ttieru-yawur nehla — “hold the waist and hug the neck.” (“This is the more general term for prayer and often refers to worship in prayer as opposed to petition. The Luang people spend the majority of their prayers worshiping rather than petitioning, which explains why this term often is used generically for prayer.”)
For Acts 28:9: sumbiani — “pray.” (“This term is also used generically for ‘prayer’. When praying is referred to several times in close proximity, it serves as a variation for kola ttieru-yawur nehla, in keeping with Luang discourse style. It is also used when a prayer is made up of many requests.”)
For Acts 8:15, 12:5: polu-waka — “call-ask.” (“This is a term for petition that is used especially when the need is very intense.”)
Source: Kathy Taber in Notes on Translation 1/1999, p. 9-16.
Following are a number of back-translations of 1 Corinthians 7:5:
Uma: “You men and women, don’t keep-distant-from each other so that you aren’t side-by-side [a euphemism] as is the custom of married couples. If for instance you are searching for opportunity to pray, and you agree not to be side-by-side for some length of time, that’s OK. But after that time is finished, be side-by-side again. For if you don’t do like that, it is so easy for you to be tempted by satan/demons to behave wrongly because you are not able to control/withstand your desires.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “Do not refuse the wishes of your husband or your wife. Only if you agree/plan that you will not lie together for a while in order to be really able to pray. But it should be for a certain number (lit. how many) of days only. Then you should lie together again in order not to be tempted by demons, because perhaps you can’t endure your desire.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Don’t refuse your body to your spouse, but in order that your praying may not be hindered, it’s possible for you to deny each other if you have agreed already but it should be only for a few days. And when the time ends that you agreed upon, then it’s necessary that you sleep together again, because you might not be able to control your desire, and Satan can successfully tempt you.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “Therefore do not refuse-each-other unless you two agree that you will not sleep-together for how many days so that you will have opportunity to pray. But when your prayers are finished, sleep-together again lest Satanas tempt you because of your not being-able-to-control your urges (lit. feelings).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “Don’t refuse your spouse, except for an agreement that you will not lie-together(euph.for sexual relations) for a few days so that you can apply-yourselves(lit. face) well to prayer. Then when the time period you agreed on has passed, it’s necessary that you lie-together again. Like this is good so that you will not be dragged by Satanas to get involved sexually (lit. tresspass) with a person who is not your spouse, if supposing you can’t restrain yourself.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Tenango Otomi: “When the man has pleasure, the wife would not say that it isn’t possible. When it must be that to make prayers to God, it is better to make an agreement that the husband not touch his wife for a short time. Afterwards, continue like before. If they should not continue like before, concerning the one who cannot control his heart, the devil will cause him to sin with someone apart.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
Click or tap here to see the rest of this insight.
Like a number of other East Asian languages, Japanese uses a complex system of honorifics, i.e. a system where a number of different levels of politeness are expressed in language via words, word forms or grammatical constructs. These can range from addressing someone or referring to someone with contempt (very informal) to expressing the highest level of reference (as used in addressing or referring to God) or any number of levels in-between.
One way Japanese shows different degree of politeness is through the choice of a formal plural suffix to the second person pronoun (“you” and its various forms) as shown here in the widely-used Japanese Shinkaiyaku (新改訳) Bible of 2017. In these verses, anata-gata (あなたがた) is used, combining the second person pronoun anata and the plural suffix -gata to create a formal plural pronoun (“you” [plural] in English).
This is the only verse in this section in which Paul gives a direct instruction, expressed by a second person imperative.
Refuse is the verb that in 6.7 was translated “defrauded.” Here the meaning is to deprive the husband (or wife) of what in verse 3 was stated to be his (or her) right. Moffatt translates “Do not withhold sexual intercourse from one another.” One may also say “you should not abstain from sexual intercourse with your married partner.” In languages that require the use of euphemism here, one can express this phrase as “you should not abstain from coming together” “… not abstain from living and eating together,” or “Do not stop sleeping together.”
Except translates an unusual Greek phrase that seems to suggest that Paul is speaking tentatively or even grudgingly (see verse 6). Die Bibel im heutigen Deutsch has “at most when you have agreed.” One may also say “Unless perhaps you agree to deny yourselves to each other like this.”
For a season (Good News Bible‘s “for a while”): a general expression is needed here. Jerusalem Bible‘s “for an agreed time” is too precise; New Jerusalem Bible has “for a limited time,” and similarly Barclay. The text states that the couple agree to abstain from intercourse for a while, but does not state that they agree on how long the time of abstinence should be. One could also say “for a short time.”
The rest of the verse consists of two clauses beginning with “in order that” in the Greek; literally “in order that you may devote yourselves to prayer and again be together, in order that Satan may not tempt you because of your lack of self-control.” As this translation shows, there is no “and” between the two “in order that” clauses, so it is difficult to link them both directly to the main verb “come together.” The construction that makes the best sense is also the one that is suggested by the order of the clauses: (1) “do not deny yourselves to one another, except … in order to devote yourselves to prayer”; (2) then “come together again so that Satan may not tempt you….” In translation it may be necessary to express (1) and (2) in separate sentences. It will be helpful in many languages to add the information “after that” or “after that time” after the word but; for example, “but after that, you should come together again….”
There are two more points that the translator should notice, even if he decides not to make them explicit in his translation. (1) The first “in order that” clause includes the instruction “come together again,” and this means “in order to devote yourselves to prayer and then come together again.” (2) Some translations, including Revised Standard Version and Good News Bible, understand the second “in order that” clause as equivalent to an imperative.
Devote yourselves includes the idea of having leisure for something, in this case, prayer. King James Version has “fasting and prayer,” but the first two words are almost certainly not part of the original text. The phrase devote yourselves may also be expressed as “give your time to.”
Then come together again is a euphemism for “resume normal marital relations,” as Good News Bible shows. Translators need to find a common language expression to render this phrase.
The name Satan may need a glossary note in some languages (see comment on 5.5).
The last few words, literally “because of your lack-of-self-control,” can be easily misunderstood if they are not translated dynamically and expanded to a certain extent. Die Bibel im heutigen Deutsch has “because the (sexual) drive in you is too strong,” and Bible en français courant says “otherwise you would risk no longer being able to control yourselves.” A more simple way to translate this is “because you cannot continue to abstain from sexual relations” or “because you cannot continue to abstain from sleeping together.”
An alternative translation model for this verse is:
• Do not abstain from sleeping together unless perhaps you agree to deny yourselves to each other like this for a short time in order to pray. But after that time you should continue to sleep together. In this way Satan will not be able to tempt you to sin because you cannot control your sexual drive.
Quoted with permission from Ellingworth, Paul and Hatton, Howard A. A Handbook on Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians, 2nd edition. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1985/1994. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .
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