character

The Greek in Romans 5:4 that is translated as “character” (or “experience”) in English is translated in the following ways:

  • Pitjantjatjara: “we become with strength and don’t fall, and God seeing us is pleased” (source: Carl Gross)
  • Hopi: “maturity”
  • Isthmus Zapotec: “standing firm”
  • Central Tarahumara: “being called as doers of good”
  • Miahuatlán Zapotec: “showing people we really believe in Christ”
  • Central Mazahua as “knowing that we passed well” (source for this and four above: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)
  • Bariai “God is happy with us because we overcome/surpass various kinds of testings” (source: Bariai Back Translation)

See also complete verse (Romans 5:4).

crown of life

The Greek in James 1:12 that is translated in English as “crown of life” is translated in Navajo (Dinė) as “the life-way prize” (source: Nida 1964, p. 238) and in Owa as “the wage of your souls” (source: Carl Gross).

In Chichewa (interconfessional translation) translated as mphotho or “prize (of life)”. Ernst Wendland (1987, p. 120) explains: “A Chewa Chief might wear a special sea shell or bracelet as a sort of badge of office, but these would be magically endowed to give him super-natural protection against his enemies. Because of these underlying associations, such terms would not be appropriate here. Instead the word mphotho ‘prize,’ ‘reward’ (for achievement) has been used.”

See also complete verse (James 1:12) and crown of thorns.

became dazzling white

The Greek that is translated as “became dazzling white” in English is translated in Sa’a with “a specially-coined, but old word for what happened to Jesus at the transfiguration. It means ‘gloriously changed to be bright and shiny and totally unlike anything else at all.’ It is used only for Jesus’ transfiguration, and then, by extension, for what will happen to us at our resurrection. The word is ‘nu’e’ — an awful lot meaning packed into just four letters!”

See also snow (color).

do not be conformed to this world𖺗 but be transformed by the renewal of your mind

The Greek in Romans 12:2 that is translated in English as some form of “do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewal of your mind” is translated into Bilua as “you must not follow this generation’s behavior, but you must allow God in your heart that he make you new in your life and thinking.”

The first part of this phrase (“(don’t be) conformed to this world”) is translated as “live doing as other people do who live here in the world” in Central Tarahumara, as “do like mankind does, people who are here on the earth” in Yatzachi Zapotec, aw “do like people in this sinful world” in Chicahuaxtla Triqui, and “the life of those who walk in sin” in Mezquital Otomi.

The second part (“be transformed by the renewal of your mind”) is translated as “let the way you think become new and changed” in Chicahuaxtla Triqui, as “change so that what you think may become new” in Sayula Popoluca, as “let God change your head-hearts in order that your thoughts will he changed” in Yatzachi Zapotec, as “be different since the Holy Spirit has made your mind new” in Huehuetla Tepehua, and as “in a different way think well” in Central Tarahumara. (Source: Waterhouse / Parrott in Notes on Translation October 1967, p. 1ff.)

complete verse (Matthew 10:34)

Following are a number of back-translations of Matthew 10:34:

  • Uma: “‘Don’t say like this, that I have come to make-in-harmony people. No! I have come to cause-differences among people / make people disagree.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “‘Is it that you mistakenly-think I come to bring peace to the world? I did not come to bring peace but I came to bring a reason for opposition/resistance.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Don’t you think that I came here to the world so that there would be no trouble for mankind. I didn’t come here so that there would be peace, for because of my coming here, people will be against each other.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Jesus also said, ‘Don’t say that I came to bring peace to this earth, because the truth of it is that I came to bring quarreling/fighting and separating of people.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “It’s necessary that you don’t think that I came here to bring peace so that people here in the world will be harmonious. Because some will believe in me, others not. Therefore it’s like a bladed-weapon is what I have brought when I came here, because the outcome will be conflict.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Do not think that I came to earth so that you would not suffer anything at all. That is not right. Rather there will be wars (all kinds of enmity between people).” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Martu Wangka: “I came to the ground to tell you all the Father’s talk. Some people will hear that talk and rejoice and live for the Father, and others will hear that talk and will dislike the Father. Those ones will also dislike the Father’s relatives.” (Source: Carl Gross)